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Chapter
9 |
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Protein
Synthesis, Assembly,
and Degradation
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| Plants have three compartments in which
proteins are synthesized. Protein synthesis mechanisms
differ among these compartments, probably reflecting their
distinct evolutionary origins. Protein synthesis is carefully
regulated in response to the physiological needs of the
plant. This regulation is particularly apparent in chloroplasts,
where protein synthesis is coordinated with the photosynthetic
activity of the organelle. After synthesis, proteins must
be localized to the appropriate cellular location and
may also be modified. Chaperones are required for the
proper folding of proteins in cells. Protein folding and
localization are coupled. Proteins are degraded to modulate
the quantities of key metabolites present, to provide
amino acids, and to remove improperly folded proteins.
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